Arthur issues a proclamation recommending the observance of the 100th anniversary of General George Washington returning his commission as commander-in-chief to the Continental Congress. That treaty allowed only a "reasonable" suspension of immigration. He took on few assignments with the firm and was often too ill to leave his house. [198] He played no role in the 1884 campaign, which Blaine would later blame for his loss that November to the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland.[199]. $10,000 in 1870 is equal to $214,289 in present terms. Kaschig, Merit. In the White House, Arthur became known for his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings. Arthur is sworn in as President of the United States. The territory had been ceded to the United States by Russia in an 1867 treaty. They collected large amounts of money that came from taxes. [14] They married in Dunham on April 12, 1821, soon after meeting. He was raised in New York. However, after President Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, he passed away on September 19 in the year of 1881. For his son, see. The original designer, John Roebling, died of an infection caused by an injury he received only days after having secured permission to begin his project. Victorian Sterling Silver ARTHUR JOHNSON SMITH - Paste Set Pin Brooch, 1897 Antique, 2.39g. Son: Chester Alan Arthur, Jr. (socialite . The two became associates within New York Republican party circles, eventually rising in the ranks of the conservative branch of the party dominated by Thurlow Weed. Congress passes the Contract Labor Law, also known as the Foran Act, which virtually outlaws alien contract labor. This step ensured that the Senate had legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate president pro tempore, who would be able to assume the presidency if Arthur died. Arthur also worked to outlaw polygamy in Utah, opposed the exclusion of Chinese and modernized the Navy. Arthur attended high school and Union College in Schenectady, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa. A skilled fisherman 8. Arthur's failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, yet he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. France presents the United States with the Statue of Liberty at a ceremony held in Paris. VintageGiftHouse. A skilled fisherman [10], The Arthurs moved to Vermont after the birth of their first child, Regina. Arthur pronounced his middle name with the accent on the second syllable. [153] That year, Arthur expressed satisfaction with the new system, praising its effectiveness "in securing competent and faithful public servants and in protecting the appointing officers of the Government from the pressure of personal importunity and from the labor of examining the claims and pretensions of rival candidates for public employment. "[220] By 1975, however, Thomas C. Reeves would write that Arthur's "appointments, if unspectacular, were unusually sound; the corruption and scandal that dominated business and politics of the period did not tarnish his administration. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 - January 17, 1893) The presidents from Reconstruction to the turn of the century were less than mediocre. Mary Ruth teaches college history and has a PhD. [72] Murphy's reputation as a war profiteer and his association with Tammany Hall made him unacceptable to many of his own party, but Conkling convinced the Senate to confirm him. [205] He managed a few public appearances until the end of 1885. President Arthur became known as the ''Father of the Steel Navy'' as he pushed for the military to use new steel technology in building and expanding its capabilities. [101] In September 1879 Arthur became Chairman of the New York State Republican Executive Committee, a post in which he served until October 1881. [46] Later that year, he started a new law partnership with a friend, Henry D. Gardiner, and traveled with him to Kansas to consider purchasing land and setting up a law practice there. [176] Based on the suggestions in the report, Congress appropriated funds, signed into law by Arthur, for the construction of three steel protected cruisers (Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago) and an armed dispatch-steamer (Dolphin), collectively known as the ABCD Ships or the Squadron of Evolution. On graduation, he went on to study law. In addition to civil service reform, Arthur triedwith limited successto lower tariffs. Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829 and was the son of a Baptist preacher. When he became president after Garfield's assassination, Arthur surprised his party in 1883 by signing the Pendleton Act, which . [128] The assassin, Charles J. Guiteau was a deranged office-seeker who believed that Garfield's successor would appoint him to a patronage job. [77][h] Among those who dealt with the Custom House, Arthur was one of the era's more popular collectors. [75] Grant then nominated Arthur, with the New York Times commenting, "his name very seldom rises to the surface of metropolitan life and yet moving like a mighty undercurrent this man during the last 10 years has done more to mold the course of the Republican Party in this state than any other one man in the country. Arthur owned at least 80 pairs of pants. [149] This legislation greatly expanded similar civil service reforms attempted by President Franklin Pierce 30 years earlier. During his childhood, he moved seven times. Arthur was unable to convince Congress to adopt the idea during his administration but, in 1887, the Dawes Act changed the law to favor such a system. Employees were required to make political contributions (known as "assessments") back to the machine, which made the job a highly coveted political plum. I feel like its a lifeline. [179] Even without the additional ships, the state of the Navy improved when, after several construction delays, the last of the new ships entered service in 1889. 238 lessons. The following material is what I have learned in American Government for only but one year, I have still learned more than what I already knew at the beginning of my high school career. In the early 1850s, he served as the principal of schools in North Pownal, Vermont, and Cohoes, New York. In the presidential election later. Still, the crowd of people who showed up for the event were unaware, and the President received a spectacular welcome. [165], The 47th Congress spent a great deal of time on immigration, and at times was in accord with Arthur. OTSCSupplies. [3], Suffering from poor health, Arthur made only a limited effort to secure the Republican Party's nomination in 1884, and he retired at the end of his term. A small number of Arthur's papers survived and passed to his grandson. [128][l], While in Albany on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. [200] Blatchford accepted, and his nomination was approved by the Senate within two weeks. Arthur was the second vice president to become chief executive due to an assassination. (22) $121.72. [149] In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation that required selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination. On May 24, 1883, President Chester Arthur and New York Governor Grover Cleveland participated in the ceremonial opening of the Brooklyn Bridge. [201] The second vacancy occurred when Associate Justice Ward Hunt retired in January 1882. He previously served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes the twenty-first President of the United States The assassin, Guiteau, will be hanged on June 30, 1882. [187], The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes. The billionaire businessman ran as a Republican and scored an upset victory over his Democratic opponent, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 read more, Born of humble origins in New York State, Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) became a lawyer and won election to the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time in 1833. The Democratic National Convention meets in Chicago, nominating Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks for President and vice president, respectively. [57] The couple took their son's death hard, and when they had another son, Chester Alan Jr., in 1864, they lavished attention on him. [217], In 1898, the Arthur memorial statuea fifteen-foot (4.6m), bronze figure of Arthur standing on a Barre Granite pedestalwas created by sculptor George Edwin Bissell and installed at Madison Square, in New York City. Arthur was also involved in the so-called Lemmon slave case, in which the New York Supreme Court ruled in 1860 that slaves being transferred to a slave state through New York would be freed. During Chester Arthurs childhood, his family moved around Vermont and upstate New York for his fathers work. He became a lawyer, served as an engineer in the American Civil War, and later became Collector of the Port of New York, where he was responsible for supervising the collecting of import duties on goods coming into the United States. 8 chapters | Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. [79] He was also popular within the Republican party as he efficiently collected campaign assessments from the staff and placed party leaders' friends in jobs as positions became available. [144] Finally, when Interior Secretary Samuel J. Kirkwood resigned that same month, Arthur appointed Henry M. Teller, a Colorado Stalwart to the office. Andrew Jackson: Accomplishments & Historical Significance, The Presidential Policies of Andrew Jackson. [166] In July 1882 Congress easily passed a bill regulating steamships that carried immigrants to the United States. Major events during the Arthur administration included, civil service reform, an effort to combat postal fraud, unsuccessful tries at meaningful tariff reform and wasteful spending. [47] The rough frontier life did not agree with the genteel New Yorkers; after three or four months the two young lawyers returned to New York City, where Arthur comforted his fiance after her father was lost at sea in the wreck of the SS Central America. [131], More troubling was the lack of legal guidance on presidential succession: as Garfield lingered near death, no one was sure who, if anyone, could exercise presidential authority. [127], With the Senate in recess, Arthur had no duties in Washington and returned to New York City. The Brooklyn Bridge was the first bridge to be built across the East River linking New York City and Brooklyn. Postal Service and pushed for the modernization of the U.S. Navy. [49], In 1861, Arthur was appointed to the military staff of Governor Edwin D. Morgan as engineer-in-chief. Republicans were pleased with the committee's make-up but were surprised when, in December 1882, they submitted a report to Congress calling for tariff cuts averaging between 20 and 25%. [162] Blaine did not remain in office long enough to see the effort through, and when Frederick T. Frelinghuysen replaced him at the end of 1881, the conference efforts lapsed. [188] The American Indian Wars were winding down, and public sentiment was shifting toward more favorable treatment of Native Americans. [65] His ascent in the party hierarchy kept him busy most nights, and his wife resented his continual absence from the family home on party business. [207] Arthur was buried with his family members and ancestors in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. His father, William Arthur, had immigrated to America from northern Ireland when he was 18 and had become a Baptist minister. [108] Neither candidate commanded a majority of delegates and, deadlocked after thirty-six ballots, the convention turned to a dark horse, James A. Garfield, an Ohio Congressman and Civil War general who was neither Stalwart nor Half-Breed. [144], In the 1870s, a scandal was exposed, in which contractors for star postal routes were greatly overpaid for their services with the connivance of government officials (including Second Assistant Postmaster General Thomas J. Brady and former senator Stephen Wallace Dorsey). [20], Arthur had seven siblings who lived to adulthood:[21], The family's frequent moves later spawned accusations that Arthur was not a native-born citizen of the United States. [147] Before the second trial began, Arthur removed five federal office holders who were sympathetic with the defense, including a former senator. [218] The statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy. During the Civil read more, Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. The assassin's bullet that wounded President James Garfield in July had claimed his life the day before. Biographer George Howe takes this exchange at face value, Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by. His Baptist minister father, William Arthur, hailed from Ireland, and his mother, Malvina Stone Arthur, was from Vermont. [63], At the time, U.S. custom houses were managed by political appointees who served as Collector, Naval Officer, and Surveyor. Upon the murder of James Garfield in 1881, Arthur became the twenty-first president of the United States. He, along with many of those involved in the project, had contracted decompression sickness because of working in the caissons used to form the foundations of the bridge towers. In 1904, Taft took on the role of secretary of war in the administration read more, New York City real estate developer and reality TV star Donald Trump (1946- ) served as Americas 45th president from January 2017-January 2021. Suffering from poor health, he did not run for reelection in 1884. Burt. He was once the president of the New York Arcade Railway Company. Chester Arthur was born in North Fairfield, Vermont. [10], Arthur's father, William Arthur, was born in 1796 in Dreen, Cullybackey, County Antrim, Ireland to a Presbyterian family of Scots-Irish descent. [172] The nation's military focus over the fifteen years before Garfield and Arthur's election had been on the Indian wars in the Western United States, rather than the high seas, but as the region was increasingly pacified, many in Congress grew concerned at the poor state of the Navy. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. When New Yorkers elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in November 1862, Arthur lost his position to a member of the other party. [40] In 1853, after studying at State and National Law School in Ballston Spa, New York, and then saving enough money to relocate, Arthur moved to New York City to read law at the office of Erastus D. Culver, an abolitionist lawyer and family friend. . [97][i] Hayes again offered Arthur the position of consul general in Paris as a face-saving consolation; Arthur again declined, as Hayes knew he probably would. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Chester A. Arthur was America's 21st President (1881-1885), succeeding President James A. Garfield upon his assassination. [158] On August 1, 1882, Arthur vetoed the bill to widespread popular acclaim;[158] in his veto message, his principal objection was that it appropriated funds for purposes "not for the common defense or general welfare, and which do not promote commerce among the States. After exiting the White House in March 1885, Arthur returned to New York City to resume his legal career. It's evident that Arthur took both events hard, even though in his political activities he'd rarely been home, and in fact his wife almost left him. [85] Hayes's opponent, New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden, carried New York and won the popular vote nationwide, but after the resolution of several months of disputes over twenty electoral votes (from Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina), Hayes was declared the winner. Chester A. Arthur - Key Events March 4, 1881 Arthur Becomes Vice President Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. [53] Arthur received plaudits for his work, but his post was a political appointment, and he was relieved of his militia duties in January 1863 when Governor Horatio Seymour, a Democrat, took office. Congress passes the Edmunds Act, which excludes bigamists and polygamists from voting and holding office, and establishes a five-man Utah commission to supervise voting in the territory of Utah. Getty Images / Library of Congress / Contributor. [190] During Arthur's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American territory. Twenty-first President, 1881-1885. The murder trial of Charles Guiteau begins. [62] Arthur rarely articulated his own political ideas during his time as a part of the machine; as was common at the time, loyalty and hard work on the machine's behalf was more important than actual political positions. [31][d][32][e][33] When Hinman's original story did not take root, he spread a new rumor that Arthur was born in Canada. One presidential oath was administered by a state court judge, also in New York City by a New York State judge: Arthur first offered the post to Edwin D. Morgan, who had been his patron in New York; Morgan was confirmed by the Senate, but declined on the grounds of age. [49] The office was a patronage appointment of minor importance until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, when New York and the other northern states were faced with raising and equipping armies of a size never before seen in American history. To the surprise of reformers, he advocated and enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. While in office, Arthur rose above partisanship and in 1883 signed the Pendleton Act, which required government jobs to be distributed based on merit. Entering the territory by crossing the Missouri at St. Joseph, they came down to the west side of the river to Leavenworth, where they remained and investigated . [185] Arthur did, however, effectively intervene to overturn a court-martial ruling against a black West Point cadet, Johnson Whittaker, after the Judge Advocate General of the Army, David G. Swaim, found the prosecution's case against Whittaker to be illegal and based on racial bias. (5) $55.11. [162] Blaine, venturing a greater involvement in affairs south of the Rio Grande, proposed a Pan-American conference in 1882 to discuss trade and an end to the War of the Pacific being fought by Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Chester Arthur Franklin was a leading African American editor and publisher of the Kansas City Call, who used his newspaper platform to advocate for systemic change and equity, both for Kansas City's black community and for African Americans nationwide. [139], Arthur quickly came into conflict with Garfield's cabinet, most of whom represented his opposition within the party. Arthur worked for one of the most prominent law firms in New York City. The act also forbade workers from being fired for political reasons and prohibited compulsory political donations from employees. [156] In May of that year, Representative William D. Kelley of Pennsylvania introduced a bill to establish a tariff commission;[156] the bill passed and Arthur signed it into law but appointed mostly protectionists to the committee. Arthur's status in the administration diminished when, a month before inauguration day, he gave a speech before reporters suggesting the election in Indiana, a swing state, had been won by Republicans through illegal machinations. A revised version of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which reduces the period of non-immigration to ten years but maintains the ban on Chinese citizenship, becomes law. [125] Even so, the Senate remained deadlocked for two months over Garfield's nominations because of Conkling's opposition to some of them. [83] In 1876, Conkling was a candidate for president at the 1876 Republican National Convention, but the nomination was won by reformer Rutherford B. Hayes on the seventh ballot. It was an incredibly strict anti-immigration law that was designed to keep Chinese labor out of the American market. Among the facts that argue against Hinman's theories are the entries for Chester A. 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