In February of 1896, the Alberta Railway and Coal Company (AR&C) announced that it had the finances in place to extend its line west from Lethbridge through the Crowsnest Pass and on to Kootenay Lake. Outline: Mouse-over Elevation and Grade Buttons Making a Selection Edit Save As Custom Cues Mouse-Over: The infliction of prohibition on July 1st, 1916, curbed the rougher amusements, likely ensuring the success of the Lyric Theatre and the Rex which Mr. and Mrs. Coles opened in 1917. In this mixed neighbourhood of old working family cottages and up-scale homes, visitors will find that 127th Street leads them south past Isabelle Sellon Junior High, the arena to the Pass Powderkeg Ski Hill on the benches south of town. In Ottawa, beside himself in agitation at the news from Frank, Deputy Minister of the Interior James A. To the left, beside Allison Creek and somewhat away from the Highway, is Flo. However, the man best remembered for the quality of his work was the prolific builder, Enrico Pozzi. It was not too interested in ferrying people; it wanted to haul freight, for thats where the money was. Soon Pattinson built a third kiln and talked the CPR into laying in a spur from the Crows Nest Line. With H.E. Jack Kerr bought sole ownership in 1945 and created a sad little zoo on the toes of Bluff Mountain across the River. It addressed the issue of children in the pits, and set a wage for contract miners at $0.57 per long ton (2240 lbs.) This consisted of approximately 3,000 tons per day from the Greenhill mine itself, plus 500 tons from a strip mine which the company opened that year up on Grassy Mountain, and a further 500 tons from another open pit mine on the Mountain which a separate outfit had begun developing a year earlier. North of the spoil piles was the Greenhill mines yards where trains of coal cars could be parked on several sidings to await their loads. Such an interference was the Great War. Cameron, mayor. The 1915 plebiscite was conducted by districts, and one district which overwhelmingly voted against the resolution was the Crows Nest Pass. According to the unsworn testimony of Lawsons nine-year old daughter, Pearlie, Filumena was the one who fired the final shot that forever laid Lawson low. By the end of the year the International was outputting some 2200 tons per day. With B.C.s completion of the section over the Cascade Mountains in November of 1949, the Highway was designated the Crowsnest. The section along the Lake, overseen by Crowsnest Mountain itself soaring into the Sky azure depths to the north-west, was re-aligned and finally paved in 1952. Mistake! Wounded and retreating, the officers managed to get seven bullets into Arkoff and one into Bassoffs leg. The last mention of the operation in the annual reports of B.C.s Minister of Mines was in 1968 when only rock work was being carried on the BC portion of the property. Like an avalanche of snow, the Slide entrained more air within it, crashing down upon the valley floor, roaring over eastern edge of sleeping Frank and rolling part way up the valleys opposite side. In 1912, though, the project was resuscitated by the locally-influential W.A. A main entry and a counter entry, like French colonial boulevards chopped through the native street pattern of the kasbah, lance into the mountain. It was always popular with business travellers who had business with WCC whose offices stood opposite on 20th. Frank Slide, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta. Further, CM&S undertook to buy all its coal and coke from CCL for the next ten years. By July of 1907 Maple Leaf Coal Company (MLC), owned and capitalized to the tune of $500,000 by a Washington state Inland Empire consortium led by the Traders National Bank of Spokane, had seven miners digging the entry into what was to become the Mohawk Bituminous mine. 40km (25mi) later, south of Yahk, Highway 95 merges onto the Crowsnest Highway. Hedley Vicars Bulyea assent to The Coal Mines Act 1906. This act addressed the issue of children and women working in coal mines, and laid out basic safety precautions and operating procedures to be enforced by provincial inspectors. With Crows Nest Pass Coal (CNP Coal) in the west Pass controlled by its rival, the Great Northern Railway, and having closed its own troubled mines in the area at Hosmer in 1914, the Company cast its eye upon east Pass properties. Egbert, J.B. Sutherland, and R.S. As with most turn-of-the-Twentieth Century capitalist undertakings, there was tension between labour and management in the Passs coal mines. Rather than replace or rebuild them, the Company decided to scrap them all and adopt the diesel locomotive. In the late 20s it was dubbed the Interprovincial Highway. Although new roads were pushed westward from Edmonton and Calgary during the 1930s, the Interprovincial remained pre-eminent through the postwar boom of the 1950s, being completely paved by 1952. As Caprice would have it, a slab of the over-riding limestone strata remained pretty well intact. Pretty Intermittent Falls is hidden from view nearby. Geological surveys in 1933 and 2000 suggest another five million cubic metres could tumble down the side of the south peak of Turtle Mountain, destroying everything in its wake. The highway reduces to a two-lane undivided road and the Crowsnest Highway ends 113km (70mi) later at the Trans-Canada Highway in Medicine Hat. It was doomed, they averred, by another slide that appeared imminent. Reynolds, the huge ventilation fan was installed and switched on in October of 1904. The brighter scarrings are recent slides. The strike gained no-one anything; the company simply couldnt pay its men to dig coal for which there was no buyer. Meanwhile, development at the Mine proceeded apace. One of these investments was to be the erection of a combination grist and saw mill for the Piikani Band on or near its Reserve at what is now the settlement of Brockett, Alberta. Out of Coleman, In the hopeful morning sun in the spring of 1993, Coleman appeared to the visitor well breakfasted at Chris Restaurant and breakfast caf on 17th not nearly as dismal as it did in a cold evening shower. Quickly the Canadian National Railway followed suit. Realizing that they were into something good, Henry Frank and Gebo organized the Canadian-American Coal and Coke Company (C-AC&C) in November of 1901, and began investment in surface plant. Known as the Greenhill mine, its prodigious output was the economic mainstay of Blairmore, through good times and bad, for nearly half of a century. The venture was abandoned. It was re-christened the Frank Military Hospital and Doctors Ritchie and A.H. Baker came to administer to the sick. Blairmore20th Avenue, South-eastward from the sawmill site the old No. 1was completed through the Selkirk Mountains of B.C. From 1913, when WCC commenced its Greenhill mine operation, much of this land was used as a dump for waste coal. Following the Cavalcade, governments grudgingly assumed the responsibility for improving roads. Meanwhile, workers in the coal fields at Lethbridge in the District of Alberta had joined the United Mine Workers of America. The result was wide-spread strikes and lock-outs in 1922 and, especially, 1924. The water system, owned by International and still not extended into West Coleman, suffered severe damage to its intake on Nez Perc Creek. McEachern School in 2002 and local scholars must now take the bus to Blairmore. After World War Two the exodus of people and houses left Passburg with but one inhabitable building in 1956 when it, too, was moved into Bellevue. Officially, the community of Hillcrest Mines came into being on June 15th, 1907 (discrepancy: Jan. 1, 1908? Writes John Kinnear Crowsnest and Its PeopleMillennium Edition, Pass-wide some 1400 workers walked out. Then, just before Christmas in 1910, the companys mine at Bellevue blew out and killed ten workers. In 1927 the Towns Ukrainian citizens raised their wood-framed Labour Temple while just down the street the Polish Brotherly Aid Society built the Polish Hall in brick. Then came the Big Strike. In many ways, the Hillcrest was typical of mines in the Trough, though it had the reputation for being best run and the safest. On September 1st, 1905, Alberta became a province with control over its own affairs. . In between crops, Lee, the Garnett brothers, and other neighbouring ranchers, kept their bulls penned on the meadows until their breeding cows came into season. of coal sent to the surface. The damage was pegged at $200,000 and led to the eventual re-organization of the fire brigade under Aldo Montalbetti in March of 1951. School classes were convened for the few children, Hill himself raised a hotel, and the MacLean Trading Company24 opened its doors. After following the Google link to the relevant page, tap your mouses pointer on the text-portion of the Page and do a Control F search for your keyword. Another bone of contention was the use of blasting powder to loosen tons of coal from the face. Culturally, Bellevue, like all Pass communities, was an exotic mix of nationalities. In 1932, in concert with B.C., the Red finally became the No. Its main street a generous 80 feet wide and the others laid out to a standard 66 feet, the community was soon growing, built with lumber felled on the site, watered from the Creek. It then salvaged the works and in 1964 sold its assets to West Canadian Mineral Holdings. The community of Bellevue started growing the day that WCC decided that the Mine was worth developing. Be that as it may, the desperados detrained onto Sentinels platform and made off eastward down the tracks. One of the Governments main concerns was the effect of liquor on the First Nations peoples. Like an emerald in its setting, the two-storeyd red brick, green-roofed cube of old Cameron School has anchored the community since it was built as West Ward School in 1919. Also on the miners wish-list were schools and teachers, comfortable, well built houses and stores with selections of reasonably prices goods. About a mile west, just on the other side of Crowsnest Creek, begins the old waggon road which wound some 20 miles up through the Ptolemy Pass to get to the North Fork of the Montana-bound Flathead River. Although a new powerhouse was built to shelter larger boilers in 1911, Blairmore South ultimately disappointed WCC which quit mining it in 1914. Exiting through the main doors a visitor comes face to face with the restored false frontedor, in the parlance of the Ecomuseum Trust, boomtownfacade of the historical Coleman Journal building of circa 1906. The Greenhill Hotel is the symbol of West Canadian Collieries commitment to the Town of Blairmore. The McGillivray had been ten years shut down by that time, and so CCL was able to fling its entire workforce into expanding the Vicary underground operation and developing a new open-pit mine at nearby Racehorse Creek. Mrs. Hamilton named the tiny collection of cottages that grew up by the River on Police Flats near Leitch No. He began offering building sites for sale in September of 1909. Perceiving a rising demand for coke, in 1911 CCC announced that it would build a battery of 50 Solvay retort-type ovens, from which the volatile gases would be captured to fire the boilers in the companys powerhouse. The murder of Constable Lawson in Coleman that September of 1922, coupled with lasting anxiety over the Sentinel train robbery and subsequent Bellevue shoot-out in 1920, so shocked the government in Edmonton that it decided that a more imposing edifice was required to impress rule of Law in the Trough. Though the agreed wage for a qualified miner at the face was set at an acceptable $3.65 per day, many other issues remained unresolved. The next year the one-room Red school was built and Miss Mills was conducting classes. Crowned since 1950 with a 175 foot-tall Alberta Government Telephones now Telus micro-wave transmission tower, the Ridge marks the south-east corner of the High Rock Range and separates the Highway from the Phillipps Pass and Mount Tecumseh. It looks as if it should be condemned and torn down, but with no pressing need for the lot, the old clapboard structure will likely continue to startle the eye until rot or fire work their wiles. Bassoff was at trial two months after his arrest, and though witnesses testified that the police officers had neglected to identify themselves upon entering the Bellevue Caf and had likely fired first, the accused was found guilty of capital murder and, three days before Christmas that same year, stretched a rope in Lethbridge. The property was owned by one J.C. Drewry. Leitch again resorted to non-union labour to supply the locomotives and Trail smelter furnaces of its main customer, the CPR, but the untrained workers were inefficient and production was poor. Ash is structurally weak, and coke with too much ash tends to collapse when fired in a heap with metallic ore in the smelter, smothering the process. WCC abandoned the mine in 1957, but townsfolk continued for five years to pick out their winters stockpile of coal from the exposed seams. On the inside of the curve is the Municipality of Crowsnest Passs west-bound welcoming display; on the outside the scenic side road from Hillcrest joins. By the time the project ended more than two years later, some 660,000 tons of material had been trucked north ten miles and dumped into the pit of the Grassy Mountain strip mine. The Summit Lime Works is the smallest of Continentals Canadian plants, capable of delivering 250 tons per day from its four vertical kilns, as well as limestone gravel. Around five in the afternoon of August 2nd, 1920, someone did. The first motor vehicle to cross the Canadian Rockies did so via Phillipps Pass, about 1km north of Crowsnest Pass, and in 1917 a road was blasted around the shores of Crowsnest Lake and across Crowsnest Pass, renamed Interprovincial Highway Three in 1932. Quelle une belle vue, Elsie Fleutot, daughter of the West Canadian Collieries manager, is supposed to have breathed in wonder when she got her first glimpse of the vista from this vantage point sometime in late 1902 or early 03. Rocky Mountain reached what was to be its peak production year in 1913 only to become a casualty of the credit crunch which crippled Canadian business prior to World War One. Soon every mine in the East pass was affected as entire families attended demonstrations to protest their rapidly degenerating conditions. With no buyer for its produce, reports John Kinnear in Crowsnest and Its PeopleMillennium Edition, CCL suspended operations at the Tent Mountain deposits in 1980. Police waggoneers improved the track out from Fort Macleod, making such a road of it that T. Clarke, the diarist in the group of four constables who travelled from the Fort to Crowsnest Lake by democrat buggy just to fish in August of 1896, described the trip as comfortable. By 1910 the track had been well enough beaten that a cyclist could probably have made it from Lethbridge to Creston, and by 1912 was carrying enough traffic to be called a trunk road, at least from Lethbridge to Fernie. 3 bumps over the River. After subtracting $277,645 in costs of production for the net income, the Bellevue added $115,500 to WCCs profits that year. All in all the Turtle Mountain hike offers incredible views, a workout with 780 m of elevation gain, and the chance to see one of Canada's biggest landslides from the top. Writes W.J Cousins in A History of the Crows Nest Pass, R.E. On the western edge of new Frank an access road leaves the Highway to the south, bumps over the Railways tracks onto the original townsite of Frank, now occupied by a struggling industrial park just daring the Turtle to take another swat at it. Crowsnest Pass comprises a valley running east-west through Crowsnest Ridge. The rate also correspondingly limited industrial growth in the western provinces as it was cheaper to produce items in eastern Canada and ship them west under the Crow Rate. Known also as the Southern Inter-Provincial Route or, lately, the Southern Corridor, the Crowsnest Highway is Western Canadas old road between the Pacific and the Prairies. Heading back towards town on 27th Ave past the humble miners cottages, one sees to the east the evidence of industry: these were the yards of the Mohawk Bituminous Mine. East, down the tracks just out of our view, is Coleman, first of the Eastern Passsthe Troughstowns, all of which were built by King Coal. Where it sold its coal is not known to this author at present, but 1924, with other companies embroiled in long labour disputes, was MCCs record year. [8] During the period when it was the only road route between Metro Vancouver and the rest of Canada, it experienced a high rate of crashes among heavy trucks driving faster than the route's windy curves would allow for. Crowsnest Pass: Hwy 3: 1.9km East of - BC Border . Loose Scree and Great Views of the Seven Sisters The workers were transferred to either the Bellevue operation or to the new Greenhill mine at Blairmore and the machinery was salvaged. Sometimes called the Crowsnest Route or the Route of the Crow, Highway 3 is a memorial to a Any male Caucasian could now chose from a variety of licensed venues in which to legally drink himself into unconsciousness and, as if needing to make up those many years of denial, many did. At the final tally, Hillcrest Collieries had employed around 107 miners at $5.40 per day guaranteed, and around 100 other workers whose scales ranged from $4.45 for a labourer to $5.10 for a timber packer. Labour problems could disrupt production or transportation break-downs could interrupt deliveries. Flanking it on the west, the wooden bungalow style office building of the International Coal and Coke Company has battled the Passs winds since 1904. In 1906, the Hillcrest mine shipped around 30,000 tons of coal to market. Prohibition became Law in Alberta on July 1st of 1916. Others were buried in other yards, with family and friends, throughout the Trough, or sent away Home. An elevation profile will appear in the the lower half of the 3D Viewer. At 19, the younger Pic was a skilled and daring driver, indestructible as all kids are, and when Lawson flagged him down, he simply stomped on the foot-feed. Any change in the length of the signal indicates a movement on the mountain. Negligence, roared the Union, and resentments hardened. For ten years the old Courthouse served various community needs while the roof leaked and heritage societies contemplated its historic worth. Casual, company-sponsored jobsite associations replaced it. Thus ended mining in Bellevue. Save for the pretty little wooden gazebo of a bandstand which someone built sometime prior to 1914, no structures stand on 20ths south side. All, of course, were dependent to some extent on the Mine. portion of The Highway is complete and requires only constant revision. Blairmore was ideally situated, and only too happy, to serve travellers. On March 1st the Union Bank of Canada opened a branch office. DeWilde. To house its expanded workforce the company built 36 new cottages on the Moccasin Flats neighbourhood of Maple Leaf, a boon to the Bellevue economy. The CPR never did build a station there, and few travellers stopped. The 1940s brought benefits and tragedy to Coleman. A Timeline of the Slide Event. Highways The following table lists the major summits and passes, and their general location. With an auditorium and six classrooms, the school served until Crowsnest Comprehensive was opened in September of 1970. Above the Lakes to the north, seemingly squat at 6200 feet, Crowsnest Ridge rises protectively. Organized Labour arrived in British Columbia when the Denver, Colorado-based Western Federation of Miners formed a local in the mines on Red Mountain at Rossland in 1895. This is Lime City. Joe Little, the pioneer speculator who early on made a fortune buying and selling coal lands in the Trough, in 1909 acquired a piece of land covered by the Slide and set up an operation to burn the 85% pure limestone into powdered cement. Determined to halt the rum-runner, Lawson fired two shots from his .38 Smith & Wesson but succeeded in only knocking the mirror off the McLaughlin and, after a short chase in a commandeered automobile, slightly wounding Steve who kept on dusting up the road to Michel, B.C., where he sought medical attention. A few of those travellers took the opportunity to make a little ready cash by bringing a treat home for their thirsty friends. In a time when owners resisted spending money on what they considered frivolous luxuries for their men, by 1907 International had, as noted by Lorry Felske in her research papers The Coal Mining Industry in the Crowsnest Pass (Alberta Culture, 1985), built a commodious, steam heated wash house with hot showers, lockers for street clothes, and a surgery. This is the south-western extremity of the Hudson Bay drainage basinRuperts Landand the cold spring-waters up-welling from a cave beneath the Ridge to create this triumvirate of lakes is on its way to the North Atlantic. Further muddying the waters, though called nest of the Crows by both the Crees and the Blackfoot tribesKah-ka-ioo-wut-this-tun and ma-sto-eeas respectivelythere is a qualitative difference in their translations. In the middle of the sea of stones are the three mass graves wherein are laid many of the miners who died in the single worst mining disaster in Canadian history. of the Crowsnest Pass Symphony; Albertas oldest amateur orchestra; Canadas only teaching orchestra. 3 crosses the Crowsnest River on a little pre-stressed concrete span which quakes in sympathy when a freight train rattles the bones of its neighbouring railroad bridge about two spits away up-stream. Men gnawing at its guts provided that excuse. Air pumps and piping were installed. After producing nearly 1.75 million tons of metallurgical coke over their 50-year life-span, Colemans ovens were allowed to go cold. Find the perfect crowsnest highway stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Patterson was immediately replaced as president by McGillivrays H.A. As part of a loop through Nelson BC starting in Creston, this climb starts it off with a bang. Despite the little recession which gripped the North American economy in 1908, MLC was able to gather enough financing to enlarge its power generating capacity, install a new hoist, and weather a three-month strike in 1909. In 1902 the dam and much of Mountain Mill was washed away in the spring floods,11 but by then McLarens mill-saws were howling out building planks and mine props by the thousands of board feet in Blairmore. A postal bureau, opened on February 1st, 1906, was likely located in the Western Mercantile. Workers reactions to the reductions was divisive, pitting the established Union against radical activists who believed that Labour had to vigorously confront Owners to win concessions. border at Corbin. Finding the trailhead to the Turtle Mountain hike. 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